This study investigates the efficiency of PVDF hollow fiber membrane bioreactors for treating municipal/industrial wastewater. A range of parameters, including membrane pore size and feed concentration, were manipulated to optimize system performance. The results demonstrated that PVDF hollow fiber

Nanobubbles, intriguing entities with unique physicochemical characteristics, have garnered significant interest in recent times. These microscopic pockets of gas entrapped within a solution exhibit unusual stability and influence various phenomena in diverse sectors. Generating and analyzing nanobu