This study investigates the efficiency of PVDF hollow fiber membrane bioreactors for treating municipal/industrial wastewater. A range of parameters, including membrane pore size and feed concentration, were manipulated to optimize system performance. The results demonstrated that PVDF hollow fiber membrane bioreactors offer a viable solution for w

Nanobubbles, intriguing entities with unique physicochemical characteristics, have garnered significant interest in recent times. These microscopic pockets of gas entrapped within a solution exhibit unusual stability and influence various phenomena in diverse sectors. Generating and analyzing nanobubbles remains a challenging endeavor, requiring ad